Commonly used antimalarial drugs can be divided into different classes on the basis of their core structure
In the past, chloroquine was used widely as a prophylactic agent to prevent Plasmodium infection
Its best Chloroquine (also known as chloroquine phosphate) is an antimalarial medicine
The fact that the drug has significant inhibitory antiviral effect when the susceptible cells were treated Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and a Chinese commentary, mentioning 15 trials, reported that, "Thus far, results from more than 100 patients have demonstrated that chloroquine phosphate is superior to the control treatment in inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia," 19 without giving any further details
A World Health Organization infographic that states that hydroxychloroquine does not prevent illness or death from COVID-19
Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention showed an increased mortality in people with diabetes (2
People with diabetes and COVID-19 may need special attention and clinical care
4 [13
Certain types of malaria, resistant strains, and complicated cases typically require different or additional medication
It is also used to treat liver infection caused by protozoa (extraintestinal amebiasis)
[Google Scholar] In-vitro studies have shown that chloroquine is effective against several viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
There is a need for effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a more soluble and less toxic metabolite of chloroquine, which causes less side effects and is, therefore, safer (1-3)
We were unable to confirm a benefit of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, when used alone or with a macrolide, on in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19
These inhibitory effects are observed when the cells are treated with the drug either before or Pharmacokinetic considerations
This chapter covers the pharmacology of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which is similar for both drugs [ 1 ], but the details are different
Introduction
Chloroquine is not associated with serum enzyme elevations and is an extremely rare cause of clinically apparent acute liver injury
The antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) and its metabolite hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently being tested in several clinical studies as potential candidates to limit SARS-CoV-2-mediated morbidity and mortality
Department of Health Background: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) abruptly emerged in Wuhan, China, in 2019 and rapidly spread globally to cause the COVID-19 pandemic
Recent publications have brought attention to the possible benefit of chloroquine, a broadly used antimalarial drug, in the treatment of patients infected by the novel emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
Chloroquine can fight coronavirus infection in several different ways: 1) Increasing the endosomal pH
The World Health Organization (WHO) has halted its trials, saying that the drug doesn't reduce death rates in patients with coronavirus
Nitazoxanide, a commercial antiprotozoal agent with an antiviral potential against a broad range of viruses including human and animal coronaviruses, inhibited
Also, hydroxychloroquine doesn't prevent infection with the
Donald Trump called hydroxychloroquine a 'game changer' for coronavirus
Conclusion As per the available evidence, based on our review, we conclude that
During the first months of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, some physicians used the malaria drugs Plaquenil ( hydroxychloroquine) and Aralen
In addition to having direct immunomodulatory effects, chloroquine and hydrochloroquine can reduce rates of atherosclerosis, improve hyperglycaemia and
These inhibitory effects are observed when the cells are treated
Taking hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 may increase the risk of heart rhythm problems, blood and lymph disorders, kidney injury, liver problems and failure
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases
NIH recommends against the “use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19, except in a clinical trial” and against “the use of high-dose For hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who have evidence of pneumonia, we suggest hydroxychloroquine (or chloroquine) on a case-by-case basis
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Older age (mean [SD] age, 54
However, this medicine is not used to treat severe or complicated malaria and to prevent malaria in areas or regions where chloroquine is known not to work (resistance)
Chloroquine is also occasionally used for amebiasis that is occurring outside the intestines, rheumatoid
It is also used to treat liver infection caused by protozoa (extraintestinal amebiasis)
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), with or without azithromycin (AZ), has been found to have efficacy as a treatment for COVID-19 in some studies [1,2], while other studies have not shown efficacy [3,4]
6% vs
Chloroquine (CQ) was first used as prophylaxis and treatment for malaria